Current issue
Archive
Online first
About the Journal
Editorial Board
Scientific Board
Reviewers
Abstracting and indexing
Publisher
Contact
Subscription
Ethical standards and procedures
Abstracting and indexing
For authors
Ethical standards and procedures
Publication charge
Books and Events
Books
Events
REVIEW PAPER
Pigmented Conjunctival Lesions
1
Department of Ophthalmology and Ocular Oncology, University Hospital in Krakow, Poland
Head: Prof. Bożena Romanowska-Dixon, PhD (hab.), MD
2
Department of Ophthalmology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
Head: Prof. Bożena Romanowska-Dixon, PhD (hab.), MD
Submission date: 2024-06-06
Acceptance date: 2024-07-27
Publication date: 2024-10-14
Ophthalmology 2024;27(3):19-22
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Pigmented conjunctival lesions include nevi, primary acquired melanosis (both with and without atypia), and the rarest form, conjunctival melanomas. In cases of lesions suspected of malignant transformation, the treatment of choice is radical surgical excision. If melanoma is confirmed, additional local treatments are often employed, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiation therapy. In the diagnosis of conjunctival melanoma, it is beneficial to use the pattern analysis algorithm.
REFERENCES (36)
1.
Shields CL, Demirci H, Karatza E, et al.: Clinical survey of 1643 melanocytic and nonmelanocytic conjunctival tumors. Ophthalmology. 2004 Sep; 1 1 1(9): 1747–1754. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.02.013. PMID: 15350332.
2.
Shields CL, Shields JA: Tumors of the conjunctiva and cornea. Surv Ophthalmol. 2004 Jan-Feb; 49(1): 3–24. doi: 10.1016/j.survoph- thal.2003.10.008. PMID: 1471–1437.
3.
Gupta Y, Gahine R, Hussain N, et al.: Clinico-Pathological Spectrum of Ophthalmic Lesions: An Experience in Tertiary Care Hospital of Central India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 Jan; 11(1): EC09-EC13. doi: 10.7860/ JCDR/2017/23589.9230. Epub 2017 Jan 1. PMID: 28273971; PMCID: PMC5324416.
4.
Romanowska-Dixon B, Jakubowska B: Czerniak błony naczyniowej. Atlas. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Kraków 2015, wyd. 1.
5.
Shields CL, Belinsky I, Romanelli-Gobbi M, et al.: Anterior segment optical coherence tomography of conjunctival nevus. Ophthalmology. 2011 May; 118(5): 915–919. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.09.016. Epub 2010 Dec 13. PMID: 21146221.
6.
Alzahrani YA, Kumar S, Abdul Aziz H, et al.: Primary Acquired Melanosis: Clinical, Histopathologic and Optical Coherence Tomographic Correlation. Ocul Oncol Pathol. 2016 Apr; 2(3): 123-127. doi: 10.1159/000440960. Epub 2015 Nov 12. PMID: 27390743; PMCID: PMC4911799.
7.
Levecq L, de Potter P Jamart J: Conjunctival nevi clinical features and therapeutic outcomes. Ophthalmology. 2010 Jan; 117(1): 35–40. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.06.018. Epub 2009 Nov 5. PMID: 19896191.
8.
Oellers P Karp CL: Management of pigmented conjunctival lesions. Ocul Surf. 2012 Oct; 10(4): 251–263. doi: 10.1016/j.jtos.2012.08.002. Epub 2012 Aug 11. PMID: 23084146.
9.
Dębicka-Kumela M, Romanowska-Dixon B, Karska-Basta I, et al.: The Evaluation of the Malignant Characteristics of Conjunctival Lesions Based on the Dermatoscopic Algorithm. Anticancer Res. 2021 Feb; 41(2): 895–903. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.14842. PMID: 33517295.
10.
Shields CL, Shields JA: Tumors of the conjunctiva and cornea. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2019 Dec; 67(12): 1930–1948. doi: 10.4103/ijo. IJO_2040_19. PMID: 31755426; PMCID: PMC6896532.
11.
Shields JA, Shields CL, Mashayekhi A, et al.: Primary acquired melanosis of the conjunctiva: risks forprogression to melanoma in 311 eyes. The 2006 Lorenz E. Zimmerman lecture. Ophthalmology. 2008 Mar; 115(3): 511– –519.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.07.003. Epub 2007 Sep 20. PMID: 17884168.
12.
Shields JA, Shields CL, Mashayekhi A, et al.: Primary acquired melanosis of the conjunctiva: experience with 311 eyes. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2007; 105: 61–71; discussion 71–72. PMID: 18427595; PMCID: PMC2258121.
13.
Lim LA, Madigan MC, Conway RM: Conjunctival melanoma: a review of conceptual and treatment advances. Clin Ophthalmol. 2013; 6: 521–531. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S38415. Epub 2013 Mar 13. PMID: 23515569; PMCID: PMC3601642.
14.
Asadi-Amoli F, Ghanadan A: Survey of 274patients with conjunctival neoplastic lesions in Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran 2006-2012. J Curr Ophthalmol. 2015 Oct 31; 27(1–2): 37–40. doi: 10.1016/j.joco.2015.09.007. PMID: 27239573; PMCID: PMC4877714.
15.
Honavar SG, Manjandavida FP: Tumors of the ocular surface: A review. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2015 Mar; 63(3): 187–203. doi: 10.4103/0301-4738.156912. PMID: 25971163; PMCID: PMC4448231.
16.
Shields CL, Markowitz JS, Belinsky I, et al.: Conjunctival melanoma: outcomes based on tumor origin in 382 consecutive cases. Ophthalmology. 2011 Feb; 118(2): 389–395. e1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.06.021. Epub 2010 Aug 17. PMID: 20723990.
17.
Shields CL, Sioufi K, Alset AE, et al.: Clinical Features Differentiating Benign From Malignant Conjunctival Tumors in Children. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2017 Mar 1; 135(3): 215–224. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthal- mol.2016.5544. PMID: 28125759.
18.
Novais GA, Fernandes BF, Belfort RN, et al.: Incidence of melanocytic lesions of the conjunctiva in a review of 10 675 ophthalmic specimens. Int J Surg Pathol. 2010 Feb; 18(1): 60–63. doi: 10.1177/1066896908319775. Epub 2008 Jul 8. PMID: 18611943.
19.
Brownstein S: Malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva. Cancer Control. 2004 Sep-Oct; 11(5): 310–316. doi: 10.1177/107327480401100505. PMID: 15377990.
20.
Shields CL: Conjunctival melanoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002 Feb; 86(2): 127. doi: 10.1136/bjo.86.2.127. PMID: 1 1815331; PMCID: PMC1771015.
21.
Volpini BMF, Maia M, Agi J, et al.: Synchronous conjunctival melanoma and lentigo maligna melanoma. An Bras Dermatol. 2017 Jul-Aug; 92(4): 565–567. doi: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20176015. PMID: 28954115; PMCID: PMC5595613.
22.
Shields CL, Chien JL, Surakiatchanukul T, et al.: Conjunctival Tumors: Review of Clinical Features, Risks, Biomarkers, and Outcomes--The 2017 J. Donald M. Gass Lecture. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2017 Mar-Apr; 6(2): 109–120. doi: 10.22608/APO.201710. PMID: 28399347.
23.
Romanowska-Dixon B, Jeger MJ, Coupland SE: Onkologia okulistyczna. Rozdział: Nowotwory spojówki. PZWL – Wydawnictwo Lekarskie: 80, Warszawa 2019.
24.
Rakusiewicz K, Kanigowska K, Grajkowska W, et al.: Surgical treatment of conjunctival nevi in pediatric patients. Klinika Oczna/ Acta Ophthalmologica Polonica. 2019; 121(1): 29–33. DOI:10.5114/ko.2019.85213.
25.
Furdova A, Pesko K, Strmen P, et al.: Conjunctival nevus and melanoma. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2007; 108(7): 287–291. PMID: 17972544.
26.
Pogrzebielski A, Romanowska-Dixon B: Czerniak spojówki. Okulistyka po Dyplomie. 2011; tom I (0): 36–43.
27.
Dębicka-Kumela M, Karska-Basta I, Markiewicz A, et al.: Analiza kliniczna i histopatologiczna 312 guzów spojówki leczonych chirurgicznie. Klin Oczna. 2019; 121(1): 41–46.
28.
Cohen VM, Ahmadi-lari S, Hungerford JL: Gastric metastases from conjunctival melanoma. Melanoma Res. 2007 Aug; 17(4): 255–256. doi: 10.1097/CMR.0b013e3281c4a056. PMID: 17625457.
29.
Albreiki DH, Gilberg SM, Farmer JP: Conjunctival malignant melanoma: A rare variant and review of important diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2012 Apr; 26(2): 151–156. doi: 10.1016/j. sjopt.2012.02.006. PMID: 23960986; PMCID: PMC3729676.
30.
Zhou C, Wang Y, Jia R, et al.: Conjunctival Melanoma in Chinese Patients: Local Recurrence, Metastasis, Mortality, and Comparisons With Caucasian Patients. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017 Oct 1; 58(12): 5452–5459. doi: 10.1167/iovs.17-22376. PMID: 29059312.
31.
Jain P, Finger PT, Fili M, et al.: American Joint Committee on Cancer Ophthalmic Oncology Task Force. Conjunctival melanoma treatment outcomes in 288 patients: a multicentre international data-sharing study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020 Sep 5: bjophthalmol-2020-316293. doi: 10.1136/ bjophthalmol-2020-316293. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32892167.
32.
Esmaeli B, Wang X, Youssef A, et al.: Patterns of regional and distant metastasis in patients with conjunctival melanoma: experience at a cancer center over four decades. Ophthalmology. 2001 Nov; 108(11): 21012105. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(01)00782-5. PMID: 11713086.
33.
Romanowska-Dixon B, Jakubowska B: Nowotwory spojówki. W Onkologia Okulistyczna; PZWL 2019: 49–104.
34.
Romanowska-Dixon B: Chirurgiczne leczenie zmian spojówki. W Chirurgia Okulistyczna; PZWL 2021: 89–96.
35.
Romanowska-Dixon B, Jakubowska B: Conjunctival tumors. W Ocular Oncology PZWL; 2020: 49–105.
36.
Dębicka-Kumela M, Romanowska-Dixon B, Karska-Basta I, et al.: Diagnostic Algorithm for Conjunctival Melanocytic Lesions. Anticancer Res. 2021 Jun; 41(6): 3161–3167. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.15102. PMID: 34083311.
| eISSN: | 1689-362X |
| ISSN: | 1505-2753 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
