Myopia is the refractive state of the eye when light rays are focused in front of the retina and is typically associated with axial elongation. Myopia in children can coexist with disorders of alignment and mobility of the eyeballs, with strabismus. The study discusses the aetiology of both diseases, symptoms, diagnostics and management. Diagnosis of myopia and strabismus requires a specialized panel of various tests, taking into account the state of the vision organ condition in child, the age of the patient and the possibility of cooperation with him. Strabismus associated with myopia is often a diagnostic and a therapeutic challenge for the ophthalmologist. The treatment of myopia and strabismus includes conservative, pharmacological and surgical management. Strabismus surgery includes classical methods, their modifications and new surgical techniques, introduced in the recent years. Children treated for myopia and strabismus require systematic ophthalmological/ strabological control.